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1.
Indian J Med Ethics ; 2022 Mar; 7(1): 65-68
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-222649

ABSTRACT

Reform of the abortion laws in favour of the well-being of pregnant women is one aspect of the removal of gender discrimination. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP Act) 1971, was a breakthrough legislation in this regard, as it reduced the number of unsafe illegal abortions. With advancements in ultrasonography and genetic technologies, many foetal malformations and genetic disorders were being diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation. The fact that termination of pregnancy was not legally permitted beyond 20 weeks of gestation caused great distress to such women, and highlighted the need to increase the upper limit of termination of pregnancy. Concurrently, there has been greater awareness around the world on the rights of women to take decisions regarding their own bodies. The MTP Bill, 2020, has come as a breath of fresh air extending the term limit for legal abortions to 24 weeks for certain categories of women, and removing the limit for abortion in the presence of a significant foetal abnormality. The amendments were recently approved by Parliament and the President of India, and have become law as of March 25, 2021. This paper presents the amendments made and their implications for obstetric, ultrasonographic and foetal medical practice. It also presents a critique of the various Acts and suggests further amendments that would enhance the value of the Act.

2.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 54(6): 1588-1612, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143906

ABSTRACT

Abstract One of the functions of parliamentary questions in modern legislatures is to pressure executives to pay attention to specific issues. But can these questions effectively influence executive decisions? There is surprisingly little empirical research in this area. Adopting an agenda-setting perspective, this article examines the extent to which issue attention in oral parliamentary questions influences the issues addressed in the weekly meetings of the Council of Ministers in three countries (Belgium, France and Portugal). Our findings suggest that the agenda-setting power of parliaments vis-à-vis the executive is usually weak in the contexts studied here. In Belgium, we find evidence that the executive does pick up on issues debated in parliament but that the media seems to play a crucial role in focusing attention. These conclusions testify to the dominance of the executive power in many Western democracies. The findings also demonstrate that agenda-setting patterns are more complex than single-country studies often suggest, and that comparative research is the way forward.


Resumen Una de las funciones de las preguntas parlamentarias en los espacios legislativos modernos es presionar para que los actores del ejecutivo presten atención a cuestiones específicas. Pero, ¿pueden estas preguntas influir de hecho en las decisiones del ejecutivo? Aunque parezca increíble, existen pocas investigaciones empíricas en esa área. Adoptando una perspectiva de agenda-setting, este artículo examina hasta qué punto la atención dada a las preguntas formuladas oralmente por parlamentarios influencia los temas abordados en las reuniones semanales del consejo de ministros en tres países (Bélgica, Francia y Portugal). Nuestras conclusiones sugieren que, en los contextos analizados, el poder de definición de agenda de los parlamentos en relación con el ejecutivo generalmente es débil. En Bélgica, no obstante, hay evidencia de que el Poder Ejecutivo aborda las preguntas de los parlamentarios. En este caso, vale enfatizar que los medios desempeñan un papel crucial al influir para que las cuestiones planteadas en el Legislativo reciban atención. Esas conclusiones demuestran el dominio del poder ejecutivo en muchas democracias occidentales. Además, los resultados variados sugieren que los parones de definición de agenda son más complejos de lo que frecuentemente se observa en los estudios que se enfocan solamente en un país, lo que lleva a pensar que la investigación comparativa es el camino a seguir.


Resumo Uma das funções das perguntas parlamentares nos espaços legislativos modernos é pressionar que os atores do executivo prestem atenção a questões específicas. Mas será que essas perguntas podem de fato influenciar as decisões do executivo? Por incrível que pareça, são poucas as pesquisas empíricas nessa área. Adotando uma perspectiva de agenda-setting, este artigo examina até que ponto a atenção dada às perguntas formuladas oralmente por parlamentares influencia os tópicos abordadas nas reuniões semanais do Conselho de Ministros em três países (Bélgica, França e Portugal). Nossas conclusões sugerem que, nos contextos analisados, o poder de definição de agenda dos parlamentos em relação ao executivo geralmente é fraco. Na Bélgica, no entanto, há evidências de que o poder executivo aborda as perguntas dos parlamentares, ressaltando-se, nesse caso, que a mídia desempenha um papel crucial ao influenciar que as questões levantadas no legislativo recebam essa atenção. Essas conclusões demonstram o domínio do poder executivo em muitas democracias ocidentais. Além disso, os resultados variados sugerem que os padrões de definição de agenda são mais complexos do que frequentemente se observa nos estudos que focam em somente um país, o que leva a crer que a pesquisa comparativa é o caminho a seguir.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Executive , Legislative , Policy , Social Media
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(2): 431-446, abr.-jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134054

ABSTRACT

Resumen Entre 1869 y 1872 se debatieron los proyectos de creación del Observatorio Nacional Argentino y de la Oficina Meteorológica Argentina. Las propuestas de financiamiento de nuevas instituciones nacionales, así como su articulación con las políticas públicas, estaban atravesadas por conflictos propios de la etapa de construcción del Estado. Oponiéndose a los proyectos elevados al Congreso Nacional, algunos sectores argumentaban recursos escasos. El presidente, Domingo Sarmiento, los acusaba de ser aliados de un gobierno anterior, considerado como "bárbaro". No obstante, mostraremos que quienes defendían los proyectos, consideraban también inadmisible un gasto elevado, remarcaban que era poco y lograban su aprobación articulando el discurso con políticas entonces en curso que apuntaban a otras inquietudes como la educación, la inmigración y las epidemias.


Abstract From 1869 to 1872, there was debate about bills to create the Observatorio Nacional Argentino and the Oficina Meteorológica Argentina. The proposed funding for these new national institutions, as well as their connection to public policies, were riven by conflicts inherent to that phase of the construction of the State. Some sectors opposed the bills before the Congreso Nacional, arguing that resources were scarce. President Domingo Sarmiento charged that they were allies of the previous government, which he described as "barbarous." This article shows that the bills' supporters stressed that they were low-cost. They achieved passage of the bills by linking their discourse with contemporary policies aimed at other concerns, such as education, immigration and epidemics.


Subject(s)
Politics , Astronomy , Academies and Institutes , Meteorological Concepts , Argentina , History, 19th Century
4.
Motrivivência (Florianópolis) ; 30(56): 190-208, Dez. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-968732

ABSTRACT

Este estudo busca compreender o processo de produção da lei nº 13.155/2015, no sentido de identificar os interesses e grupos que influenciaram a configuração desse marco legal. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, de caráter qualitativo, sendo desenvolvida a partir do levantamento e análise documental. Observou-se que: a) os pontos centrais da Medida Provisória nº 671/2015 foram mantidos pelos parlamentares; b) a norma trata de uma continuidade liberalizante da organização do futebol brasileiro; c) a lei faz parte do conjunto de ações do Estado que visa estruturar os clubes e o mercado futebolístico nacional; d) o movimento dos atletas profissionais Bom Senso Futebol Clube foi aquele que mais teve seus interesses atendidos e, por outro lado, as entidades de administração do futebol foram os grupos que mais tiveram insucessos ao longo da tramitação da lei no Congresso Nacional.


This study seeks to understand the process of production of law 13.155 / 2015, in order to identify the interests and groups that influenced the configuration of this legal framework. For that, an exploratory research was carried out, of qualitative character, being developed from the survey and documentary analysis. It was observed that: a) the central points of Provisional Measure nº 671/2015 were maintained by the parliamentarians; b) the norm deals with a liberalizing continuity of the football organization; c) the law is part of the set of actions of the State that aims to structure the clubs and the national football market; d) The movement of professional athletes Bom Senso Futebol Clube was the one that had their interests most taken care of and, on the other hand, the football administration entities were the groups that had the most failures during the process of the law in the National Congress.


Este estudio busca comprender el proceso de producción de la ley nº 13.155 / 2015, en el sentido de identificar los intereses y grupos que influenciaron la configuración de ese marco legal. Para ello, se realizó una investigación exploratoria, de carácter cualitativo, siendo desarrollada a partir del levantamiento y análisis documental. Se observó que: a) los puntos centrales de la Medida Provisional nº 671/2015 fueron mantenidos por los parlamentarios; b) la norma trata de una continuidad liberalizadora de la organización del fútbol; c) la ley forma parte del conjunto de acciones del Estado que pretende estructurar los clubes y el mercado futbolístico nacional; d) el movimiento de los atletas profesionales Bom Senso Fútbol Club fue aquel que más tuvo sus intereses atendidos y, por otro lado, las entidades de administración del fútbol fueron los grupos que más tuvieron fracasos a lo largo de la tramitación de la ley en el Congreso Nacional.


Subject(s)
Organization and Administration , Soccer/legislation & jurisprudence , Budgets , Legislative
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728140

ABSTRACT

El Departamento de Medio Ambiente del Colegio Médico de Chile ha concordado una serie de medidas que a su juicio deben ser implementadas por las nuevas autoridades políticas de Chile elegidas, con el fi n de corregir aquellos problemas ambientales que son determinantes de salud poblacional e individual. La implementación de estas medidas deberá impactar positivamente en la salud y calidad de vida de los habitantes de Chile, disminuir la mortalidad aguda y o diferida causada por exposición a diversos contaminantes ambientales. En especial, deberá afectar positivamente a las futuras generaciones al disminuir la exposición prenatal o infantil temprana a agentes que determinan el desarrollo de enfermedades o cambios conductuales más tarde en la vida. Estas proposiciones fueron entregadas a todos los candidatos presidenciales y explicadas en reuniones con cada uno de los 4 candidatos presidenciales que tienen las mejores opciones de de ser electos, de acuerdo a encuestas realizadas en el país.


The Environment Department of the Colegio Médico de Chile (Chilean College of Physicians) agreed a series of measures that should be implemented by the new elected Chilean political authorities, with the purpose of correction the environmental problems which are population and individual health determinants. The implementation of these measures should positively impact Chilean population health and quality of life and decrease acute or delayed mortality caused by exposure to various pollutants. Especially, it should positively affect future generations preventing prenatal or infant exposure to agents determining the development of diseases or behavioural changes later in life. These proposals were delivered to all presidential candidates, and explained in meetings with each of the four presidential candidates with the best perspectives to be elected, according to opinion polls carried out in the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Environment , Health Status , Health Policy , Chile
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